The Effect of Governance Mechanisms and Environmental Disclosure on Financial Performance
The Mediating Role of Earnings Management
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33062/ajb.v10i02.152Keywords:
Governance, Environmental Disclosure, Earnings Management, Financial PerformanceAbstract
This study examines the influence of Good Corporate Governance mechanisms, Corporate Environmental Disclosure, and Earnings Management on Financial Performance among publicly listed companies in Indonesia. In response to growing demands for transparency and sustainability, the research explores whether Earnings Management mediates the relationship between governance, disclosure, and firm performance. Using a quantitative approach, secondary data were collected from annual and sustainability reports available on the Indonesia Stock Exchange website for the 2019–2023 period. The results show that corporate governance and environmental disclosure positively affect Financial Performance, while Earnings Management partially mediates these relationships. These findings suggest that effective governance structures and transparent environmental reporting can enhance firm performance by limiting opportunistic managerial behavior. The study contributes empirical evidence from an emerging market context and provides practical insights for policymakers, regulators, and investors to strengthen financial reporting transparency and accountability in Indonesia.
References
Abdou, H. A., Ellelly, N. N., Elamer, A. A., Hussainey, K., & Yazdifar, H. (2021). Corporate governance and Earnings Management nexus: Evidence from the UK and Egypt using neural networks. International Journal of Finance and Economics, 26(4), 6281–6311. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2120
Ahmad, I., Sadiqa, B. A., & Khan, R. (2021). The Impact of Corporate Governance Practices on the Firm Financial Performance of the Non-Financial Firms. Global Economics Review, VI(I), 53–70. https://doi.org/10.31703/ger.2021(vi-i).05
Alareeni, B. (2018). Does corporate governance influence Earnings Management in listed companies in Bahrain Bourse? Journal of Asia Business Studies, 12(4), 551–570. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-06-2017-0082
Al-Haddad, L., & Whittington, M. (2019). The impact of corporate governance mechanisms on real and accrual Earnings Management practices: evidence from Jordan. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 19(6), 1167–1186. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-05-2018-0183
Alipour, M., Ghanbari, M., Jamshidinavid, B., & Taherabadi, A. (2019). Does board independence moderate the relationship between environmental disclosure quality and performance? Evidence from static and dynamic panel data. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 19(3), 580–610. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-06-2018-0196
Almarayeh, T., Abdullatif, M., & Aibar-Guzmán, B. (2022). The role of audit committees in mitigating Earnings Management: evidence from Jordan. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 12(5), 882–907. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-09-2020-0235
Almubarak, W. I., Chebbi, K., & Ammer, M. A. (2023). Unveiling the Connection among ESG, Earnings Management, and Financial Distress: Insights from an Emerging Market. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151612348
Alzoubi, E. S. S. (2016). Audit quality and Earnings Management: Evidence from Jordan. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 17(2), 170–189. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-09-2014-0089
Andini, F., & Mulyasari, W. (2024). The Effect of ESG Disclosure on Financial Performance with Earnings Management as an Intervening Variable. MSR Journal, 3, 2024.
Ardhaoui, R., Ben Amar, A., & Fakhfakh, I. (2024). Does corporate environmental disclosure affect Earnings Management? The moderating effect of female board representation. EuroMed Journal of Business. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-10-2023-0275
Arun, T. G., Almahrog, Y. E., & Ali Aribi, Z. (2015). Female directors and Earnings Management: Evidence from UK companies. International Review of Financial Analysis, 39, 137–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IRFA.2015.03.002
Atasel, O. Y., Guneysu, Y., & Unal, H. (2020). Impact of environmental information disclosure on cost of equity and Financial Performance in an emerging market: Evidence from Turkey. Ekonomika, 99(2), 76–91. https://doi.org/10.15388/EKON.2020.2.5
Awais, M., Hunjra, A., Butt, S., & Ijaz, I. (2016). Earnings Management and organizational performance: Pakistan VS India. 4, 211–220.
Bătae, O. M., Dragomir, V. D., & Feleagă, L. (2021). The relationship between environmental, social, and Financial Performance in the banking sector: A European study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.125791
Birkey, R. N., Michelon, G., Patten, D. M., & Sankara, J. (2016). Does assurance on CSR reporting enhance environmental reputation? An examination in the U.S. context. Accounting Forum, 40(3), 143–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2016.07.001
Bui, H., & Krajcsák, Z. (2024). The impacts of corporate governance on firms’ performance: from theories and approaches to empirical findings. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 32(1), 18–46. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-01-2023-0012
Bunga Nayenggita, G., Raharjo, S. T., Resnawaty, R., Studi, P., Sosial, I. K., Padjadjaran, U., Csr, P. S., Sosial, K., & Masyarakat, P. (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Indonesia. 2(1), 61–66.
Chen, L., Tang, O., & Feldmann, A. (2015). Applying GRI reports for the investigation of environmental management practices and company performance in Sweden, China and India. Journal of Cleaner Production, 98, 36–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.02.001
Chi, C. W., Hung, K., Cheng, H. W., & Tien Lieu, P. (2015). Family firms and Earnings Management in Taiwan: Influence of corporate governance. International Review of Economics & Finance, 36, 88–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IREF.2014.11.009
Ching Cheong Pei, Teh Boon Heng, San Ong Tze, & Hoe Hong Yong. (2015). The Relationship among Audit Quality, Earnings Management, and Financial Performance of Malaysian Public Listed Companies. In International Journal of Economics and Management (Vol. 9, Issue 1).
Dissanayake, S., Ajward, R., & Dissanayake, D. (n.d.). Whether corporate social responsibility is used to suppress Earnings Management practices and could corporate governance mechanisms prevent them? An empirical study. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-03
Fariha, R., Hossain, M. M., & Ghosh, R. (2022). Board characteristics, audit committee attributes and firm performance: empirical evidence from emerging economy. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 7(1), 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-11-2020-0115
Gerged, A. M., Albitar, K., & Al-Haddad, L. (2023). Corporate environmental disclosure and Earnings Management—The moderating role of corporate governance structures. International Journal of Finance and Economics, 28(3), 2789–2810. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2564
Gerged, A. M., Al-Haddad, L. M., & Al-Hajri, M. O. (2020a). Is Earnings Management associated with corporate environmental disclosure?: Evidence from Kuwaiti listed firms. Accounting Research Journal, 33(1), 167–185. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARJ-05-2018-0082
Gerged, A. M., Al-Haddad, L. M., & Al-Hajri, M. O. (2020b). Is Earnings Management associated with corporate environmental disclosure?: Evidence from Kuwaiti listed firms. Accounting Research Journal, 33(1), 167–185. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARJ-05-2018-0082
Gerged, A. M., Beddewela, E., & Cowton, C. J. (2021). Is corporate environmental disclosure associated with firm value? A multicountry study of Gulf Cooperation Council firms. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(1), 185–203. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2616
Hejazi, R., Ghanbari, M., & Alipour, M. (2016). Intellectual, Human and Structural Capital Effects on Firm Performance as Measured by Tobin’s Q. Knowledge and Process Management, 23(4), 259–273. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.1529
Hong, N. T. H., Anh, N. T., Hoang, N. T. V., & Minh, D. N. (2023). Corporate governance, external financing, and Earnings Management: new evidence from an emerging market. Future Business Journal, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-023-00206-3
Ifada, L. M., Pertiwi D R, & Rokhmatul R. (2021). Environmental Performance and Environmental Disclosure: The Role of Financial Performance. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(4), 349–362. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no4.0349
Irmasari H, Sutrisno, & Roekhuddin. (n.d.). The Effect Of Good Corporate Governance On Earnings Management Actions With Audit Tenure As A Moderating Variable. https://doi.org/10.32812/jibeka.v19i1.2243
Ismael, H. R., & Kamel, H. (2021). Internal audit quality and Earnings Management: evidence from the UK. Managerial Auditing Journal, 36(7), 951–978. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-09-2020-2830
Itan, I., Laudeciska, L., Karjantoro, H., & Chen, R. (2023). Corporate governance and environmental disclosure: Assessing the role of environmental performance. Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia, 8(2) 132-144. http://journals.ums.ac.id/index.php/reaksi/index
Jameel, S. Z. M., Al-Sendy, A. M., & Hamoudi, K. M. T. (2024). The Impact of Audit Characteristics on Earnings Management: Evidence from Dubai Banks. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17060249
Karina, R. (2021). Corporate governance and Earnings Management: Does gender matter? Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Auditing Indonesia, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.20885/jaai.vol25.i
Keuangan, P. L. (2009). PSAK 1 (2009).pmd.
Khresna Brahmana, R., Yee Tan, M., & Wei You, H. (2018). Corporate environmental disclosure and Earnings Management. In Int. J. Green Economics (Vol. 12).
Kyere, M., & Ausloos, M. (2021a). Corporate governance and firms Financial Performance in the United Kingdom. International Journal of Finance and Economics, 26(2), 1871–1885. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1883
Kyere, M., & Ausloos, M. (2021b). Corporate governance and firms Financial Performance in the United Kingdom. International Journal of Finance and Economics, 26(2), 1871–1885. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1883
Mahrani, M., & Soewarno, N. (2018). The effect of good corporate governance mechanism and corporate social responsibility on Financial Performance with Earnings Management as mediating variable. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 3(1), 41–60. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-06-2018-0008
Muda, I., Maulana, W., Siregar, H. S., & Indra, N. (2018). The Analysis of Effects of Good Corporate Governance on Earnings Management in Indonesia with Panel Data Approach. In Econ. Rev (Vol. 22, Issue 2).
Muttakin, M. B., Khan, A., & Azim, M. I. (2015). Corporate social responsibility disclosures and earnings quality: Are they a reflection of managers’ opportunistic behavior? Managerial Auditing Journal, 30(3), 277–298. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-02-2014-0997
Ngoc, N. B. (2018). The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on Financial Performance: Evidence from Credit Institutions in Vietnam. Asian Social Science, 14(4), 109. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n4p109
Nguyen, Q., Kim, M. H., & Ali, S. (2024). Corporate governance and Earnings Management: Evidence from Vietnamese listed firms. International Review of Economics & Finance, 89, 775–801. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IREF.2023.07.084
Orazalin, N. (2020a). Board gender diversity, corporate governance, and Earnings Management: Evidence from an emerging market. Gender in Management, 35(1), 37–60. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-03-2018-0027
Orazalin, N. (2020b). Board gender diversity, corporate governance, and Earnings Management: Evidence from an emerging market. Gender in Management, 35(1), 37–60. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-03-2018-0027
Pajuste, A., Poriete, E., & Novickis, R. (2021). Management reporting complexity and Earnings Management: evidence from the Baltic markets. Baltic Journal of Management, 16(1), 47–69. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-01-2020-0019
Pandey, A., Pattanayak, J. K., & Singh, P. (2022). Role of corporate governance in constraining Earnings Management practices: a study of select Indian and Chinese firms. Journal of Indian Business Research, 14(3), 231–250. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIBR-03-2021-0104
Pei Ching Cheong, Heng Teh, B., Tze San, O., & Yong Hoe, H. (2015). The Relationship among Audit Quality, Earnings Management, and Financial Performance of Malaysian Public Listed Companies. In International Journal of Economics and Management (Vol. 9, Issue 1).
Pekovic, S., & Vogt, S. (2021). The fit between corporate social responsibility and corporate governance: the impact on a firm’s Financial Performance. Review of Managerial Science, 15(4), 1095–1125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-020-00389-x
Ramadana, M., Irawan, H., Tiara, D., & Butar-Butar, M. (2023). The Moderating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Relationship Between Tax Avoidance and Corporate Governance on Earnings Management. In Jurnal Studi Akuntansi dan Keuangan (Vol. 6, Issue 2).
Rini, R. K., Adhariani, D., & Sari, D. (2024). Environmental costs, environmental disclosure, and tax avoidance: evidence from mining and energy companies in Indonesia and Australia. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 40(2), 281–302. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-01-2022-0017
Rodriguez-Fernandez, M. (2016). Social responsibility and Financial Performance: The role of good corporate governance. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 19(2), 137–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2015.08.001
Sarumpaet, S., Nelwan, M. L., & Dewi, D. N. (2017). The value relevance of environmental performance: evidence from Indonesia. Social Responsibility Journal, 13(4), 817–827. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-01-2017-0003
Sarumpaet Susi. (2017). Environmental Disclosures and Earnings Management : Review and Synthesis. Business Strategy, 15.
Satria Hendy, M. A. S. Y. F. (2023). Impact of Good Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Financial Performance: Evidence from Indonesian Manufacturing Companies. Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review, Vol 18 No 3.
Saygili, E., Arslan, S., & Birkan, A. O. (2022). ESG practices and corporate Financial Performance: Evidence from Borsa Istanbul. Borsa Istanbul Review, 22(3), 525–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2021.07.001
Semenova, N., & Hassel, L. G. (2016). The moderating effects of environmental risk of the industry on the relationship between corporate environmental and Financial Performance. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 17(1), 97–114. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-09-2013-0071
Setiawan, M. H., Khatolik, U., & Surabaya, W. M. (2015). Pengaruh Mekanisme Corporate Governance terhadap Kinerja Keuangan dengan Manajemen Laba sebagai Variabel Intervening.
Shang, Y., & Chi, Y. (2023). Corporate Environmental Information Disclosure and Earnings Management in China: Ethical Behaviour or Opportunism Motivation? Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118896
Spaniol, M. J., Danilova-Jensen, E., Nielsen, M., Rosdahl, C. G., & Schmidt, C. J. (2024). Defining Greenwashing: A Concept Analysis. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16209055
Srikanth, P., & Kaushik, B. (2021). Real Earnings Management and Persistence of Firm Value: Evidence from India*. Durga Prasad SAMONTARAY / Journal of Asian Finance, 8, 323–0336. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no12.0323
Talbi, D., & Omri, M. A. (2015). The Role Of Board Characteristics In Mitigating Management Opportunism: The Case Of Real Earnings Management. In The Journal of Applied Business Research (Vol. 31, Issue 2).
Temba, G. I., Kasoga, P. S., & Keregero, C. M. (2023). Corporate governance and Financial Performance: Evidence from commercial banks in Tanzania. Cogent Economics and Finance, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2247162
Tran, T. T., Thi Do, Y. H., & Kim Vo, N. (2023). The impact of foreign ownership, corporate governance on Earnings Management: Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. Cogent Business and Management, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2247869
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Widijaya, Wesliana Irvetta

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.








